{"id":5164,"date":"2004-01-21T11:38:00","date_gmt":"2004-01-21T11:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/multiracial.com\/?p=5164"},"modified":"2021-06-14T16:33:51","modified_gmt":"2021-06-14T16:33:51","slug":"free-mulattoes-without-african-ancestry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/2004\/01\/21\/free-mulattoes-without-african-ancestry\/","title":{"rendered":"Free &#8220;Mulattoes&#8221; without African ancestry"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.heite.org\/Indians\/invisible.html\">Delaware&#8217;s Invisible Indians<\/a><br \/>\nPart 2<br \/>\nEdward F. Heite<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Although it today is taken to mean mixed black and white, the word &#8220;mulatto&#8221; in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries generally applied to anyone with dark skin who was not a Negro. In the West Indies, the term was applied to mixed black-Indian individuals. Another meaning was a person who was &#8220;half-Christian,&#8221; born of a union between a Spaniard and a non-Christian. In one 1709 example, cited in the Oxford English Dictionary, a person was described as both a mulatto and an Indian. Definitions in Delaware official documents were no more precise.<\/p>\n<p>The Pennsylvania Assembly set terms of service for [white] indentured servants whose indentures could not be found. Those who came into the colony without papers were presumed to serve five years if they were between seventeen and twenty-two years old [later changed to sixteen and twenty-one] , or until the age of twenty-two if they were under seventeen. The law, which was at first disallowed by the Crown, would not apply to Africans. A taint of African blood would therefore significantly alter a servant&#8217;s status. In this regard, &#8220;mulatto&#8221; status was legally independent of any African connection, as the case of Jacob Frederick illustrates.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>More <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heite.org\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Delaware&#8217;s Invisible Indians Part 2 Edward F. Heite Although it today is taken to mean mixed black and white, the word &#8220;mulatto&#8221; in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries generally applied to anyone with dark&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7988,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[63,141],"tags":[121],"class_list":["post-5164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-d-powells-view","category-news-clips","tag-biracial-and-multiracial"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p89tuq-1li","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/AD-Powell.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5164"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7377,"href":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5164\/revisions\/7377"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7988"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/multiracial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}